Days before the 23rd anniversary of the death of former iranian supreme leader ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, efforts to honor the revolutionary leader are being met with resistance in afghanistan. Imam khomeinis movement, the idea of establishing an islamic government based on governance of the jurist was crystallized as a fundamental idea. The lectures were recorded and transcribed by a student, and then published in book form. Khomeini commemorations met with resistance by afghan youth. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. In this collection of essays, abrahamian the iranian mojahedin, lj 5189 challenges the western perception of khomeini as a fundamentalist.
This book, islamic government, is one of the most influential works of imam khomeini. Jan 01, 2004 sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini 19021989 was, of course, the islamic cleric who returned from 15 years of exile in paris in 1979 to spark the iranian revolution, overthrowing the last shah of iran, and then becoming irans supreme leader. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, who died saturday at age 86, was an austere and uncompromising shiite moslem religious leader who overthrew the shah of iran, humiliated the united states, waged a. Imam khomeinis impact on islamic revolution of iran. Afghanistan, ministry of foreign affairs, white book. An attempt to consolidate islamic government with a.
One way in which irans ayatollah khomeini and afghanistan s taliban were similar is that each established an islamic state the actions of most islamic fundamentalists show that they support. Bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english books. The institute for compilation and publication of the works of imam khomeini. Velayate faqeeh original version khomeini, ayatollah ruhollah imam on. Shortly after his declaration and a government ultimatum to the kurds to end their revolt, the western iranian town of paveh. Sep 09, 2014 ayatollah sayyed ruhollah khomeini islamic government 1. This was his most famous and influential work and laid out his ideas on governance at that time. The islamic jurists fuqaha have generally been involved in the issue of governance of the jurist in different subject matters in fiqh, some briefly and some in details. Im going to be refuting this book systematically and show that not only does khomeini have an essential contradiction in his lectures, but that the ayatollah and revolution leader ignores majority of clear texts regarding this, and twists unclear ones in. This translation is based on a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970.
An overview of the iranian government and political system. Velayate faqih, also known as islamic government, is a book by the iranian muslim cleric, faqih, and revolutionary ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, first published in 1970, and probably the most influential document written in modern times in support of theocratic rule. In 1977, before the victory of the islamic revolution, the book was published in iran. Islamic government the governance of the juist originated in a series of lectures given by imam khomeini ra in najaf, iraq during his exile between january 21 and february 8, 1970. This new wave of islamic awakening, which was initiated by imam khomeini, is now stronger than ever. Irans transformation from empire to the islamic republic began in khomeini s hometown of qom in the 1960s. The constitution of iran calls for a faqih, or valiye faqih guardian jurist, to serve as the supreme leader of the government. Of course, since the appearance of anthony downs essay and his book an. Bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english books unit 4. Khomeini, ruhollah almusavi ruhollah almusavi khomeini 19021989 was an iranian shi. Islamic government governance of the jurist imam khomeini islamic government the governance of the juist originated in a series of lectures given by imam khomeini ra in najaf, iraq during his exile between january 21 and february 8, 1970. Bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english books unit 3.
An important part of the book deals with the difference between an islamic government and other types of governments, pointing out that the islamic government is a special kind of constitutional government that is anchored on the islamic laws. The islamist uprising against the puppet government of the peoples democratic party of afghanistan pdpa that began in herat in march 1979 caught the soviets out, just as. The amin government is the most stridently anti khomeini. Imam khomeini believes, therefore, that islamic legislative power or lawmaking assemblies are bound. Khomeini ushered in a new form of government anchored by the concept of velayate faqih, or rule of the islamic jurist. Afghanistan remains one of the poorest countries in the world due to a lack of foreign investment, government corruption, and the taliban insurgency. Governments such as those once controlled by the taliban in afghanistan and the ayatollah khomeini in iran are classified as a landlocked b parliamentary c federal d theocratic. The islamists loyal to khomeini were a part of a wider coalition, which included secular liberals, nationalists, communists and islamistmarxists.
Smaller groups throughout the country also speak more than 70 other languages and numerous dialects. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading islamic government. Pashto and dari are afghanistans official languages. Refuting the book islamic government series of lectures.
Following the approval of imam khomeini, it was printed in beirut lebanon by imam. The effects of iran islamic revolution upon freedom movements of the world the islamic republic of iran that is reminded as the last revolution of twentieth 20th century by most of people, is one of the most important historical incidents of the 20th century, and that is the cause of many historical events and social and political changes. This extraordinary book is the first to analyze the ideological roots of an islamic state as conceived by khomeini. Ayatollah sayyed ruhollah khomeini islamic government. Similarly, political islam, or islamism, which had a major effect on the muslim. Irans revolutionary leader, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, was opposed to soviet domi. Imam khomeini bibliography of irans islamic revolution. Irans kakistocracy at forty the american spectator. Attempts were made, often with the support of foreign donor countries, to improve the countrys. Us had extensive contact with ayatollah khomeini before.
What became the islamic revolution in iran was initiated not solely by an islamist movement but by a coalition of interest groups united against the shah. Ultimately overthrown by the iranian islamic revolution in 1979 by khomeini. In early 1970 imam khomeini gave a lecture series in najaf on islamic government which later was published as a book titled variously islamic government or guardianship of the islamic jurists velayate faqih. This book contains lectures on jurisprudence delivered to his students in 19691970. Bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english articles, unit 2.
The present book, governance of the jurist, including relevant footnotes and explanations, is the compendium of thirteen speeches of his eminence imam khomeini delivered during his stay in najaf from january 21 to february 8, 1970. In transforming himself from a traditional muslim theologian into the charismatic iranian ruler who took on the world, khomeini launched an islamic revival movement that, with the collapse of communism, quickly evolved for some as the centrepiece in the pantheon of western demonology, and for others as the inspiration. Thus khomeini asserts the authority of a faqih from the quran, through the sunnah of the prophet and the sayings of the twelve imams. Khomeini explains that an islamic government based upon the doctrines contained in the quran, the hadith, and the sharia, must eventually overthrow any kingoriented or secular government. Probably the best known of imam khomeinis works, the book islamic government originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. Anti khomeini government the fate of the islamic rebellion in afghanistan is of great interest to those who are behind the recent events in iran, in pakistan, and throughout the region. The overthrow of the king led to long political struggle between conservatives and communists.
Suroush, qayoom author, published by aan afghanistan. And with the iranian revolution that khomeini led in 197879. Islamic state government and modern medicine some of his books are. Algeria, sudan, yemen, bahrain, pakistan, and afghanistan. Khomeini is an important book, not only as a biography of ayatollah khomeini, but as.
The present book, governance of the jurist, including relevant footnotes and. Islamic government may therefore be defined as the rule of divine law over men. Moin situates khomeini within the distinctive world of islams clerical class. In one sentence, imam khomeinis purpose of struggle is to emancipate iran and the islamic world from the superpowers bondage, restore honor to islam, and establish an islamic government based on islamic principles. One too many fiery speeches admonishing the royal family forced him into exile in 1964. The lectures were recorded and transcribed by a student, and then published in book form in persian, on which this translation is based. Ayatollah khomeinis political theory and public interest. Relations between the islamic emirate of afghanistan and iran deteriorated in 1998 after taliban forces seized the iranian consulate in mazarisharif and executed iranian diplomats. Khomeini was a marja meaning source of emulation according to traditions of twelver shia islam. It describes his personal interpretations of forty traditions attributed to muhammad, the prophet of islam, a nd the twelve ima. Islamic revolution causes khomeini, rohollah personality khomeini, rohollah political. May peace and blessings be upon the messenger of god, muhammad, the seal of the prophets, and his purified progeny. The imam khomeini relief committee is part of irans larger goal of using soft power to gain influence in afghanistan and throughout the region. Current constitution set in place after the 1979 revolution set up the current theologically oriented government of iran us hostage crisis diplomatic crisis where 52 americans were held hostage for 444 days from nov.
One way in which irans ayatollah khomeini and afghanistan s taliban were similar is that each. May 10, 2009 a history of the ayatollah khomeini and his islamic movement. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Afghanistan would next enter history in a big way in the 1970s. Ruhollah khomeini, iranian shii cleric who led the revolution that overthrew the shah in 1979. Since islamic government is a government of law, said khomeini, those acquainted with the law, or more precisely with religion, i. Destitution, unemployment and despotism under the shahs regime caused a stir across the nation which took to streets en masse, demanding regime change. First translation of khameinis new book on the destruction of america, israel. Velayate faqih also known as islamic government is a book by the iranian muslim cleric, faqih. Today, velayate faqih is the sole source of political and religious.
Inside iran the structure of power in iran terror and tehran. In a book entitled islamic governance, published in 1970, khomeini. Hairi hadith hasan heirs holders of authority husayn imam khomeini imam rida imperialism imperialists implement institutions of islam iran islamic government islamic law jafar jizyah judge jurist justice kharaj khums knowledge kulayni laws of islam leader leadership mashhad. Imam khomeinis movement, the idea of establishing an islamic government. The ayatollah khomeini was the most radical muslim leader of this age. Irans referendum and the transformation to the islamic. This excellent biography illuminates what khomeini was really like and helps answer how he was able to play such a commanding role in iran. Afghanistan, the buffer state between russian asia and british india. Imam khomeini believes, therefore, that islamic legislative power or law. Now, this book is presented to the knowledgeable researchers and those ardent of the works of imam khomeini.
There are many reasons behind the claim that the islamic republic of iran is. Aug 05, 2015 globally, the movement is going to confront the united states as the symbol of injustice. Jan 29, 2020 on february 1, 1979, the ayatollah khomeini returns to iran in triumph after 15 years of exile. The institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeinis. Khomeini spends a large part of his book explaining why islamic government had. Born into a longstanding clerical family in khomein, a small village in central iran, he was the youngest of six children. The institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works international affairs department original language. Even though reza shah remained an ally of the us, the anti government uprisings and social mobilizations against the shah incited the us to push khomeini into power. Afghanistans constitution stipulates that all other languages are official in the areas in which they are spoken by a majority of the population. Inside iran the structure of power in iran terror and. Islamic government governance of the jurist imam khomeini. Moin situates khomeini within the distinctive world of islam s clerical class.
Meanwhile, the afghan government was able to build some democratic structures, and the country changed its name to the islamic republic of afghanistan. An ostensible charity, it actively promotes irans ideological and political goals in afghanistan. The idea of guardianship as rule was advanced by the ayatollah ruhollah khomeini in a series of lectures in 1970 and now forms the basis of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. Khomeini s friends, then secretly sent to iran, while copies of which were simultaneously sent to the. Us had extensive contact with ayatollah khomeini before iran revolution. Cutting the hand of the united states from islamic countries, establishing islamic. Religion and politics in iran council on foreign relations. The position of women from the viewpoint of imam khomeini. After giving quite wellreasoned explanation on the necessity of islamic government, imam khomeini refers to the historical.
The revolution placed iran at the forefront of middle east politics and the islamic revival. The russians never troubled afghanistan or india much, and the protectorate was shaken off in the third afghan war in 1919, when the british were beginning to lose interest. Imam khomeini the effects of iran islamic revolution. With radical political islam now clearly central in all attempts to understand the international. When the ayatollah khomeini burst onto the international scene in the late 1970s, radical islam became a factor of political life that would change the world. Governance of the jurist kindle edition by khomeini, ayatollah ruhollah. Here is khomeini as the diligent seminarian attracted to mysticism, working his way up the religious hierarchy a family man who married just once and was surrounded by his. Khomeini, as military chief, orders kurdish revolt crushed. Regarding the israelipalestinian conflict, the government of iran has recognized jerusalem as the capital of the state of palestine, after trump recognized jerusalem as the capital of israel. He has written extensively on islam, iran and afghanistan. The obvious difference lies in the fact that iran is an islamic theocracy, and that.
Ayatollah khomeinis political theory and public interest mohsen kadivar duke university ayatollah khomeini 190289 was one of the most influential muslim leaders in the 20th century and one of the most significant shiite figures in history. Imam khomeini and the iranian revolution of 1979 history. This was his best known and most influential work, and laid out his ideas on governance at that time. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini was a religious scholar who transformed iran with his combination of political and religious views. While iran is a shia islamic republic, saudi arabia is a conservative sunni monarchy. The architect of the september 11th attacks, osama bin laden, remained at large and the taliban, the islamic fundamentalists that harbored him in afghanistan, although driven from power, regrouped and waged guerrilla war against american forces and the moderate government set up by the united states. At the top of irans power structure is the supreme leader, ayatollah ali khamenei, who succeeded ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, the father of the iranian revolution, upon khomeini s death in 1989. Islamism, the iranian revolution, and the soviet invasion of afghanistan. In contrast, the soviet invasion of afghanistan in late december 1979 followed the. Imam khomeinis biography islamic invitation turkey. His active opposition to the shah, his theories of islamic governance, and his networking while in exile helped foster the islamic republic in 1979 and earn him the position of irans leader until his death in 1989. The book argues that government should be run in accordance with traditional islamic law, and for this to happen a leading islamic jurist must provide political guardianship over the people and nation.
Sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini 19021989 was, of course, the islamic cleric who returned from 15 years of exile in paris in 1979 to spark the iranian revolution, overthrowing the last shah of iran, and then becoming irans supreme leader. A critical introduction to khomeini as the architect of the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini remains one of the most inspirational and enigmatic fi gures of the twentieth century. What khomeini established is best described by former secretary of state henry kissinger in his book, world order. After returning from exile, khomeini became head of a government that he claimed was of god. This is the book that is the original thesis on which the islamic republic of iran is founded. In early 1970, khomeini gave a series of lectures in najaf on islamic government, later published as a book titled variously islamic government or islamic government. International affairs department the institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works. The form of islamic government program for the establishment of an islamic government this book originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. The shah and his family had fled the country two weeks before, and jubilant iranian revolutionaries. Khomeini, ruhollah almusavi oxford islamic studies online. The forty traditions is a 1940 book written by ruhollah khomeini, the founder of the islamic republic of iran. Political islam and its recent violent biproducts first became the focus of international attention following the success of the 1979 iranian revolution led by the ayatollah khomeini. Imam khomeini believes, therefore, that islamic legislative power.
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